XCOPY (kopiranje datoteka kroz
naredbeno sučelje)
Za
kopiranje kazala i datoteka na raspolaganju je još jedna
naredba, xcopy. Ta naredba ima sličnu sintaksu i
funkciju kao i copy s jednom korisnom osobinom. Ona
kopira i kazala koja sadrže podkazala.
xcopy
izvor [odredište] [/w] [/p] [/c]
[/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/d[:date]]
[/u] [/i] [/s [/e]] [/t]
[/k] [/r] [/h] [/a|/m] [/n]
[/exclude:filename] [/y | /-y] [/z]
Parametar |
Značenje |
izvor |
Određuje lokaciju na kojoj se nalaze podaci koji se
žele kopirati (pogon, staza i naziv) |
odredište |
Određuje odredište ili lokaciju na kojoj će se
pohraniti kopirane datoteke (pogon, staza i naziv) |
/w |
Ispisuje poruku “Press any key to begin copying
file(s)” i čeka da se izvrši tražena akcija |
/p |
Traži potvrdu da li se treba kreirati svaka
pojedinačna datoteka na kazalu |
/c |
Ignorira greške |
/f |
Prikazuje izvorno i odredišno ime prilikom kopiranja |
/l |
Ne kopira datoteke nego prikazuje popis datoteka
koje će se kopirati |
/u |
Kopira samo one datoteke koje postoje na odredištu |
/s |
Kopira foldere i subfoldere osim ako su prazna |
/e |
Kopira sve foldere, uključivši i prazna |
/t |
Kopira samo strukturu foldera bez datoteka |
/r |
Kopira preko datoteka “samo za čitanje” |
/h |
Kopira datoteke s “hidden” i “system” atributima |
/y |
Ukida zahtjev za potvrdom pisanja preko postojećih
podataka |
/-y |
Traži potvrdu pisanja preko već postojećih podataka |
Naredbom
xcopy i copy moguće je kopirati više datoteka u jednu novu
datoteku. To se izvodi korištenjem zamjenskih znakova ili
korištenjem znaka “+” u sljedećoj formi :
Primjer
: Kopiraj datoteke, dat1, dat2, dat3 u novu datoteku
dat4
C:\>(x)copy dat1+dat2+dat3 dat4
Posebana
opcija naredbe copy je copy con. Naredba
copy con koristi se za unos podataka s tipkovnice i
njihovozapisivanje u datoteku. Nakon poziva naredbe tekst se
može upisivati red za redom s tim da nije moguće vraćati se
u prethodni red. Po završetku rada potrebno je pritisnuti
CTRL+Z
U primjeru
ispod: Izvor = Moj Adresar
a Odredište je D:\Radni_D\Bekap\Moj
Adresar\
+++++++++++++++++
C:\_
C:\>cd "Moj Adresar" +enter
C:\Moj Adresar>_ xcopy *.* "D:\Radni_D\Bekap\Moj
Adresar\" /E /F /S /H /Y /D
+++++++++++++++++

Copies files and
directories, including subdirectories.
Syntax
xcopy
Source [Destination] [/w] [/p] [/c]
[/v] [/q] [/f] [/l] [/g]
[/d[:mm-dd-yyyy]] [/u] [/i]
[/s [/e]] [/t] [/k] [/r]
[/h] [{/a|/m}] [/n] [/o]
[/x] [/exclude:file1[+[file2]][+[file3]]
[{/y|/-y}] [/z]
Parameters
Source
Required. Specifies the location and
names of the files you want to copy. This parameter must
include either a drive or a path.
Destination
Specifies the destination of the files
you want to copy. This parameter can include a drive letter
and colon, a directory name, a file name, or a combination
of these.
/w
Displays the following message and waits
for your response before starting to copy files:
Press any key to begin copying file(s)
/p
Prompts you to confirm whether you want
to create each destination file.
/c
Ignores errors.
/v
Verifies each file as it is written to
the destination file to make sure that the destination files
are identical to the source files.
/q
Suppresses the display of xcopy
messages.
/f
Displays source and destination file
names while copying.
/l
Displays a list of files that are to be
copied.
/g
Creates decrypted destination files.
/d[:mm-dd-yyyy]
Copies source files changed on or after
the specified date only. If you do not include a mm-dd-yyyy
value, xcopy copies all Source files that are
newer than existing Destination files. This
command-line option allows you to update files that have
changed.
/u
Copies files from Source that
exist on Destination only.
/i
If Source is a directory or
contains wildcards and Destination does not exist,
xcopy assumes destination specifies a directory
name and creates a new directory. Then, xcopy copies
all specified files into the new directory. By default,
xcopy prompts you to specify whether Destination
is a file or a directory.
/s
Copies directories and subdirectories,
unless they are empty. If you omit /s, xcopy
works within a single directory.
/e
Copies all subdirectories, even if they
are empty. Use /e with the /s and /t
command-line options.
/t
Copies the subdirectory structure (that
is, the tree) only, not files. To copy empty directories,
you must include the /e command-line option.
/k
Copies files and retains the read-only
attribute on destination files if present on the source
files. By default, xcopy removes the read-only
attribute.
/r
Copies read-only files.
/h
Copies files with hidden and system file
attributes. By default, xcopy does not copy hidden or
system files.
/a
Copies only source files that have their
archive file attributes set. /a does not modify the
archive file attribute of the source file. For information
about how to set the archive file attribute by using
attrib, see Related Topics.
/m
Copies source files that have their
archive file attributes set. Unlike /a, /m
turns off archive file attributes in the files that are
specified in the source. For information about how to set
the archive file attribute by using attrib, see
Related Topics.
/n
Creates copies by using the NTFS short
file or directory names. /n is required when you copy
files or directories from an NTFS volume to a FAT volume or
when the FAT file system naming convention (that is, 8.3
characters) is required on the destination file system. The
destination file system can be FAT or NTFS.
/o
Copies file ownership and discretionary
access control list (DACL) information.
/x
Copies file audit settings and system
access control list (SACL) information (implies /o).
/exclude:filename1[+[filename2]][+[filename3]]
Specifies a list of files containing
strings.
/y
Suppresses prompting to confirm that you
want to overwrite an existing destination file.
/-y
Prompts to confirm that you want to
overwrite an existing destination file.
/z
Copies over a network in restartable
mode.
/?
Displays help at the command prompt.
Remarks
Windows XP does not use this command. It
is accepted only for compatibility with MS-DOS files.
List each string in a separate line in
each file. If any of the listed strings match any part of
the absolute path of the file to be copied, that file is
then excluded from the copying process. For example, if you
specify the string "\Obj\", you exclude all files underneath
the Obj directory. If you specify the string ".obj", you
exclude all files with the .obj extension.
If you lose your connection during the
copy phase (for example, if the server going offline severs
the connection), it resumes after you reestablish the
connection. /z also displays the percentage of the
copy operation completed for each file.
- Using /y
in the COPYCMD environment variable
You can use /y in the COPYCMD
environment variable. You can override this command by using
/-y on the command line. By default, you are prompted
to overwrite, unless you run copy from within a batch
script.
Copying encrypted files to a volume that
does not support EFS results in an error. Decrypt the files
first or copy the files to a volume that does support EFS.
To append files, specify a single file
for destination, but multiple files for source (that is, by
using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).
- Default value
for Destination
If you omit Destination, the
xcopy command copies the files to the current directory.
- Specifying
whether Destination is a file or directory
If Destination does not contain an
existing directory and does not end with a backslash (\),
the following message appears:
Does destination specify a file name
or directory name on the target
(F = file, D = directory)?
Press F if you want the file or files to
be copied to a file. Press D if you want the file or files
to be copied to a directory.
You can suppress this message by using
the /i command-line option, which causes xcopy
to assume that the destination is a directory if the source
is more than one file or a directory.
- Using the
xcopy command to set archive attribute for
Destination files
The xcopy command creates files
with the archive attribute set, whether or not this
attribute was set in the source file. For more information
about file attributes and attrib, see Related Topics.
- Comparing
xcopy and diskcopy
If you have a disk that contains files in
subdirectories and you want to copy it to a disk that has a
different format, use the xcopy command instead of
diskcopy. Because the diskcopy command copies
disks track by track, your source and destination disks must
have the same format. The xcopy command does not have
this requirement. Use xcopy unless you need a
complete disk image copy.
To process exit codes returned by
xcopy, use the errorlevel parameter on the if
command line in a batch program. For an example of a batch
program that processes exit codes using if, see
Related Topics. The following table lists each exit code and
a description.
Exit code |
Description |
0 |
Files were copied without error. |
1 |
No files were found to copy. |
2 |
The user pressed CTRL+C to terminate
xcopy. |
4 |
Initialization error occurred. There
is not enough memory or disk space, or you entered
an invalid drive name or invalid syntax on the
command line. |
5 |
Disk write error occurred. |
Examples
To copy all the
files and subdirectories (including any empty
subdirectories) from drive A to drive B, type:
xcopy a: b: /s /e
To include any
system or hidden files in the previous example, add the/h
command-line option as follows:
xcopy a: b: /s /e
/h
To update files in
the \Reports directory with the files in the \Rawdata
directory that have changed since December 29, 1993, type:
xcopy \rawdata
\reports /d:12-29-1993
To update all the
files that exist in \Reports in the previous example,
regardless of date, type:
xcopy \rawdata
\reports /u
To obtain a list of
the files to be copied by the previous command (that is,
without actually copying the files), type:
xcopy \rawdata
\reports /d:12-29-1993 /l > xcopy.out
The file Xcopy.out
lists every file that is to be copied.
To copy the
\Customer directory and all subdirectories to the directory
\\Public\Address on network drive H:, retain the read-only
attribute, and be prompted when a new file is created on H:,
type:
xcopy \customer
h:\public\address /s /e /k /p
To issue the
previous command, ensure that xcopy creates the
\Address directory if it does not exist, and suppress the
message that appears when you create a new directory, add
the /i command-line option as follows:
xcopy \customer
h:\public\address /s /e /k /p /i
You can create a
batch program to perform xcopy operations and use the
batch if command to process the exit code if an error
occurs. For example, the following batch program uses
replaceable parameters for the xcopy source and
destination parameters:
@echo off
rem COPYIT.BAT transfers all files in all subdirectories of
rem the source drive or directory (%1) to the destination
rem drive or directory (%2)
xcopy %1 %2 /s /e
if errorlevel 4 goto lowmemory
if errorlevel 2 goto abort
if errorlevel 0 goto exit
:lowmemory
echo Insufficient memory to copy files or
echo invalid drive or command-line syntax.
goto exit
:abort
echo You pressed CTRL+C to end the copy operation.
goto exit
:exit
To use this batch
program to copy all files in the C:\Prgmcode directory and
its subdirectories to drive B, type:
copyit c:\prgmcode
b:
The command
interpreter substitutes C:\Prgmcode for %1 and B: for
%2, then uses xcopy with the /e and
/s command-line options. If xcopy encounters an
error, the batch program reads the exit code and goes to the
label indicated in the appropriate IF ERRORLEVEL
statement, then displays the appropriate message and exits
from the batch program.
Također pogledajte kopiranje i backup
foldera pomoću naredbe
ROBOCOPY |